模糊综合评价法在土壤环境质量评价中的应用实例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

杨光丽 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(3):63-66

The soil environmental quality was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive assessment method,which could decrease the gradual change and fuzz of soil environmental pollution.The soil environmental quality at five plots of sewage irrigation region in Fuxin was validated by fuzzy comprehensive assessment method.The results indicate that this assessment method is feasible.And the method can also detect the soil environmental grades scientifically.The effects of different pollution factors on soil environmental quality can be estimated,and the pollution grades can be divided and evaluated.The method can provide the base for soil environmental plan and pollution prevention and cure.  相似文献   

应用概率密度函数方法自动处理地震台站勘选测试数据   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

廖诗荣  陈绯雯 《华南地震》2008,28(4):82-92

将McNamara等人（2005）提出的地震噪声概率密度函数（PDF）方法用于地震台站台址勘选测试数据的自动处理,实现了对台址地震噪声水平主要评价指标加速度功率谱密度（PSD）与用RMS表示的速度有效振幅的自动估算,大大提高了台址噪声测试数据的处理速度。该方法已被应用于福建地震烈度速报台网84个新选台址的勘选数据处理工作。  相似文献   

Impact of acid effluent from Kawah Ijen crater lake on irrigated agricultural soils: Soil chemical processes and plant uptake     

A.M.D. van Rotterdam-Los  A. Heikens  S.P. Vriend  M.J. van Bergen  P.F.M. van Gaans 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Volcanogenic contamination of irrigation water, caused by effluent from the hyperacid Ijen crater lake, has severely affected the properties of agricultural soils in East Java, Indonesia. From a comparison of acidified topsoil with subsoil and with top- and subsoil in a reference area, we identified processes responsible for changes in soil and soil solution chemistry induced by acid irrigation water, with emphasis on the nutrients Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn, and on Al, which may become phytotoxic under acid conditions in soils. Compositional data for bulk soil composition and selective extractions with 1 M KCl and 0.2 M acid ammonium oxalate are used in a mass balance approach to specify element fluxes, including uptake by rice plants. The results show that input via irrigation water has produced an increase in the total aluminum content in the affected topsoil, which is of the same order of magnitude as the increase in labile Al. High bioavailability of Al, as reflected by concentrations in KCl extracts, is consistent with elevated concentrations observed in rice plants. In contrast, and despite the high input via irrigation water, Ca and Mg concentrations have decreased in all measured soil fractions through dissolution of amorphous phases and minerals, and through competition of Al for adsorption sites on the exchange complex and plant roots. Strong leaching is also evident for Fe and especially Mn. In terms of the overall mass balance of the topsoil, plant uptake of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn is negligible. If the use of acid irrigation would be stopped and the soil pH were to increase to values above 4.5, the observed phytotoxicity of Al will be halted. However, crops may then become fully dependent on the input from irrigation water or fertilizer for essential elements, due to the previous removal from the topsoil through leaching.  相似文献   

Foreword     

Alain Pecker 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(4):553-555

The main objective of this special issue of the Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering is to bring to the earthquake engineering community the outcomes of the research project QUAKER (Quantification and Reduction of Seismic Risk through the Application of Advanced Geotechnical Engineering Techniques) financed by European Commission under contract EVG1-CT-2002-00064.  相似文献   

Flow Characteristics of Microbubble Suspensions in Porous Media as an Oxygen Carrier     

Yong Ju Choi  Joo Young Park  Young‐Jin Kim  Kyoungphile Nam 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(1):59-65

Microbubble suspensions were generated as an oxygen carrier for aerobic biodegradation, and their flow characteristics in porous media were investigated. Commercial surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and dodecylethyldimethylammonium bromide (DEDAB), saponin (a natural surfactant), and collagen (a protein hydrolysate) were examined as base materials for generating microbubble suspensions. Among them, 2×CMC (critical micellar concentration) of SDS, DEDAB, and saponin developed microbubble suspensions with the highest gas hold‐up and half‐drainage time. Visualization of the flow patterns in sand showed that the microbubble suspensions were separated into a liquid and gas phase directly after injection, showing much faster movement of liquid phase flow. The gas front of the microbubble suspensions flowed in a plug‐flow manner, particularly in cases of SDS and DEDAB. The experimental results from both homogeneous and heterogeneous cells confirmed that the microbubble flow could overcome the heterogeneity in porous media. However, the plug‐flow characteristics and flow propagation of the microbubble suspensions to the low‐permeability zone was accompanied by a large pressure drop, which needs to be considered for future field application.  相似文献   

Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention Using Clay with Admixtures     

Papita Saha  Siddhartha Datta  Shyamal Kanti Sanyal 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):230-238

Landfill is the most commonly used method for disposal of waste materials since it is one of the least expensive methods. In order to dispose of any hazardous material to a landfill, a liner is used, which protects the underlying land and groundwater since it acts as a barrier to fluid movement. Of the various methods available for providing improved and more effective properties of landfills, methods involving the use of bentonite, cement, lime, gypsum, etc., have been explored in the laboratory. The aim is to overcome the problem and deficiencies of the existing liners. It is observed from the experimental results that the metal concentrations of the input waste solution can be reduced to 80–98% using a soil‐cement admixture, 60–95% using a soil‐gypsum mixture, 45–95% using a soil‐bentonite mixture, 50–90% for soil, 35–80% using a soil‐lime mixture, as liner materials. The permeation rate of different metals through the different soil‐admixture media depends on various factors. A simple mathematical treatment of the phenomenon related to the permeation of liquid through the admixture of the clay and other components has been developed. The experimental results show satisfactory agreement with the predictions.  相似文献   

盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤碱解氮及溶解性有机碳季节动态   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吕国红  周广胜  周莉  谢艳兵  贾庆宇  赵先丽 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(4):59-63

基于2005年4～10月盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤不同土层土壤碱解氮及溶解性有机碳的观测资料,分析了盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤碱解氮与溶解性有机碳(DOC)的季节动态。结果表明:不同土层碱解氮、溶解性有机碳的季节动态并不相同。0～10 cm土层碱解氮与DOC季节动态相似,6月土壤碱解氮与DOC含量均最高,分别为244.86 mg/kg和13.16 mg/L。8月碱解氮含量最低,为139.18 mg/kg;9月DOC含量最低。10～20 cm土层DOC的季节性动态变化与表土具有相似性,峰值均出现在6月,谷值出现在9月;10～20 cm土层碱解氮最低值出现在6月,与0～10 cm土层不同。20～30 cm土层内,4～7月DOC几乎无变化,8月DOC含量最低,9月增加;4～5月碱解氮波动较大,5月降到102 mg/kg,6月增加到151 mg/kg。研究表明,盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤微生物活性与凋落物分解对DOC及碱解氮的季节动态有很大的影响,同时温度、降水量及冻融也影响着DOC及碱解氮的季节动态。  相似文献   

盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用动态及其影响因子分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

谢艳兵  贾庆宇  周莉  李荣平  吕国红 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(4):53-58

采用LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室对盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用,于2004年7月—2005年12月进行连续野外观测。结果表明:非淹水状态下,湿地芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用具有明显的日变化和季节变化特征;淹水状态下,湿地芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用接近于0。2005年潮汐造成的洪水减少了2/3的土壤呼吸作用。2004年和2005年芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用最大值都出现于洪水退去后。影响湿地芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用空间异质性的主导因子是生物因子,而在同一时间影响湿地芦苇群落土壤呼吸作用的主导因子是温度和水分。  相似文献   

陕西秦岭国家级生态功能保护区土壤侵蚀的遥感分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张光超邱少鹏  卢中正 《地球信息科学学报》2003,5(1):109-112

生态环境问题的调查是生态功能保护区规划的基础,本文介绍了利用1∶25万TM卫星遥感图像查明了陕西秦岭山地土壤侵蚀类型、土壤侵蚀强度及空间分布特征,分析了影响土壤侵蚀的主要因素及发展趋势,为生态功能保护区的准确划分提供依据。  相似文献   

土壤侵蚀遥感调查技术应用的若干问题   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

乔玉良 《地球信息科学学报》2003,5(4):97-100

应用地球信息科学融合技术进行土壤侵蚀快速调查 ,是将高新技术应用于生产实践的有益尝试 ,这是地球信息科学融合技术在水土保持中应用研究的前沿。本文在总结历次遥感侵蚀调查经验的基础上 ,针对第三次土壤侵蚀遥感调查中存在的有关技术问题 ,如信息源、土地利用定性参考层及技术路线中存在的问题等进行了分析 ,并提出合理化建议。  相似文献